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But nothing could prepare the empire for what was coming.Īfter the glorious reign of Huayna Capac, the empire began to erode under a series of internal and external disasters.

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Then, archers would release their shafts, darts would fly, and then the shock troops would hit, in a torrent of screams and shouts meant to confuse and terrify the wavering opposition. During a battle, slingers would let fly a shower of rocks to soften the enemy lines. These fierce Incan warriors, known as the Quechua, conquered much of the Andes and coastal regions of what is now Peru and Ecuador in the period between 14. When called upon to fight, each province would muster squadrons of men armed with maces, bows and arrows, slings, darts, and spears. In addition, way-stations known as tambos were constructed at strategic points along the roads, giving travelers and important dignitaries a place to rest and prepare for the next leg of their journey. Additional structures were also put in place, such as the Imperial road system, which was built along the steep inclines of mountains, interspersing bridges and stone walkways, stone steps, and flat brick highways. Through this governmental structure, the Sapa-Inca could rule the empire with impunity. Each province was controlled by a local governor called the apu below him were the local rulers - the curacas - and even lower still the district headsmen - the camayoc. The Inca called their empire Tahuantinsuyu (Land of the Four Quarters?), which was divided into four provinces. The gods held sway with these events and thus the proper respect had to be paid at all times.

#1440 CIVILIZATION V BACKGROUNDS FULL#

The world of the Andes Mountains is full of ecological wonders - and ecological disasters such as earthquakes, severe storms, and volcanic activity. Grand ceremonies were held frequently to honor these gods, for the Inca believed that if one did not give thanks and obedience to the gods, bad things would happen. Their pantheon contained such lofty omnipotents as Viracocha (the god of creation), Inti (the sun and father of the Inca Dynasty), Illapa (god of rain, thunder, and lightening), Pacha Mama (mother of the earth), and Mama Cocha (mother of the lakes). Like many other groups that preceded the Inca (the Chimu, the Nazca, the Moche), Incan society was heavily dipped in the worship of powerful gods. In addition to building temples and other works, Huayna greatly expanded the road network, along which he built storehouses for food so that aid could be quickly rushed to any who were in danger of starvation. A dedicated ruler, Huayna did much to improve the lives of his people. When his father died in 1483 and he became emperor in his own right, Capac continued the campaigns of the previous emperor, eventually extending the empire's borders into what is modern Colombia. It was under the rule of Huayna Capac, however, that the Incan Empire reached its greatest height. Though not the first Incan ruler, Pachacuti was by many accounts one of the finest Pre-Columbian persons that ever lived.

Pachacuti won his first military campaign against the Chanca people, consolidated control over his cultural base of Cuzco, then turned his army south and conquered the Colla and Lupaca tribes. Starting with the ninth ruler, Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, the Inca began their expansion. In just a short time (roughly 100 years), the Incan Empire dominated South America and is, to this day, considered one of the finest empires the world has ever known. In time, the Inca built an empire that spanned the Pacific coast as far south as Argentina and as far north as Ecuador, some 2000 miles of hills, mountains, valleys, and coastline. Although their purpose for settling such a rugged and inhospitable landscape was unclear, the end result of their arrival is without doubt. Where they had come from was a mystery that still remains unsolved. Hundreds of years ago, a group of people calling themselves the Inca settled the Cuzco Valley high in the Andes Mountains of South America. Let the world know by editing this section.

1440 civilization v backgrounds